Q. Which of the following is NOT an essential element of the offense of "False evidence"?

निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा "झूठे साक्ष्य" के अपराध का आवश्यक तत्व नहीं है?

The statement must be false
कथन असत्य होना चाहिए

The person must know or believe it to be false
व्यक्ति को यह अवश्य जानना या मानना चाहिए कि यह मिथ्या है

The statement must be under oath
बयान शपथ के तहत होना चाहिए

The statement must be made in writing
बयान लिखित रूप में दिया जाना चाहिए

Section 191 defines false evidence as a false statement made:

🔸 Writing is not required – oral statements qualify too.

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