Q. According to the kinetic theory of gases, the absolute temperature is directly proportional to:

गैसों के गतिज सिद्धांत के अनुसार, निरपेक्ष तापमान सीधे आनुपातिक होता है:

A
Average potential energy of molecules
अणुओं की औसत स्थितिज ऊर्जा
B
Average kinetic energy of molecules
अणुओं की औसत गतिज ऊर्जा
C
Total energy of molecules
अणुओं की कुल ऊर्जा
D
Collision frequency
टकराव की आवृत्ति

Explanation

According to kinetic molecular theory, absolute temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of gas molecules.

Fundamental relationship: T ∝ Average KE Average KE = (3/2)kT

Key points:

  • This is the definition of temperature in kinetic theory
  • Temperature is a measure of molecular motion intensity
  • Not related to potential energy (intermolecular forces)
  • Not related to total energy (includes both KE and PE)

Physical meaning:

  • Higher temperature → faster molecular motion
  • Temperature scale (Kelvin) is based on this relationship
  • Absolute zero corresponds to zero molecular kinetic energy

Applications:

  • Gas thermometry
  • Kinetic theory calculations
  • Statistical mechanics

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