Q. Which of the following is the correct expression for the van der Waals equation?

वैन डेर वाल्स समीकरण के लिए निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा सही अभिव्यक्ति है?

A
(P + a/V²)(V - b) = nRT
(पी + ए/वी²)(वी - बी) = एनआरटी
B
P(V - b) = nRT
पी(वी - बी) = एनआरटी
C
(P - a/V²)V = nRT
(पी - ए/वी²)वी = एनआरटी
D
(P - a/V²)(V - b) = nRT
(पी - ए/वी²)(वी - बी) = एनआरटी

Explanation

The van der Waals equation corrects the ideal gas law for real gas behavior:

Corrections made:

  1. Pressure correction: P → (P + a/V²)
    • a/V² accounts for intermolecular attractive forces
    • Attractive forces reduce observed pressure
  2. Volume correction: V → (V - b)
    • b accounts for molecular volume (excluded volume)
    • Molecules occupy finite space

Constants:

  • 'a': Measure of intermolecular attraction
  • 'b': Measure of molecular size
  • Both are gas-specific constants

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